Synonyms :
Ceratium Sp. Michaelis 1830
Prorocentrum schiller Bohm in Schiller 1933
P. levantinoides Bursa 1959
P. pacificum Wood 1963

Morphological Characteristics :
Cytoplasm in U shape, normally at the rear.
Long and sharp apical spine, with triangular wing. Numerous pores at flagella.

Size of Specimen :
42 mm (L), 22 mm (W)
Apical spine: 7 mm (L)

Distribution :
Cosmopolitan, mainly at coastal water and estuary, sometimes at ocean. Commonly seen in Hong Kong, Nan Sha and coastal South China Sea. Caused numerous red tides in Tolo Harbour, Deep Bay and Dapeng Bay from the eighties to early nineties.

Major Limiting Factors :
Favoured by EDTA, Ferrous ions, inorganic N and phosphates, Vitamins B₁ and B₁₂.

Toxicity :
Non-toxic, may cause oxygen depletion at high cell concentration.